Nalanda University,khandar kaise bana

Nalanda University, jo ki prachin duniya ki pehli residential universities me se ek thi, iski sthapna 5th century CE me hui thi, jo ab Bihar, India me hai. Iski sthapna ne shiksha ke kshetra me ek bada vikas kiya, aur yeh vishv ke vibhinna konon se vidyarthiyon aur vidwans ko aakarshit karti rahi, jisme China, Korea, Japan, Tibet, Mongolia, Sri Lanka, aur Southeast Asia shamil the.

Lekin, samay ke saath yeh university khandar me badal gayi. Iski kuch mukhya wajahen hain:

1. **Aakraman**: University ne kai invasions ka samna kiya, jisme sabse pramukh Bakhtiyar Khilji ka aakraman tha, jo ek Turkic sena ka general tha, 12th century ke ant me. Uski sena ne university ko loota aur iski kai samagri, hastalikhit granth, aur faculty ko nashht kar diya, jisse iski sthiti bahut kharab ho gayi.

2. **Rajneetik Parivartan**: Bharat ki rajneetik vyavastha me kai rajvansh uthe aur Pala Empire ka patan hua, jo is university ko samarthan aur arthik sahayata deta tha. Is parivartan ne university ke liye samarthan aur sahayata ko kam kar diya.

3. **Sanskritik Badlav**: Kshetra me Sanskriti aur dharmik vyavasthaon me badlav, khaaskar Islamic shasan ke ubharne ke saath, bhi Buddhist shiksha sansthanon jaise Nalanda ki ghatna me yogdan karte gaye.

4. **Avagya**: Samay ke sath, jab dhyan anya shiksha kendron ki taraf badh gaya aur naye shiksha paddhatiyon ka uday hua, to Nalanda ko bhool diya gaya aur yeh dhire-dhire bhool bhulaiya me badal gayi.

Madhya kaal ke ant tak, Nalanda lagbhag khunshaur ho gayi, iski mahakumbh sanrachnaen uski prachin shaurya se milti-julati rahe. Yeh ek mahatvapurn puratatva sthal ban gayi, jab tak aaj ke samay me iski itihasik virasat ko punarjivit karne ki koshish ki gayi. 

2010 me, ek nayi Nalanda University ka punar-sthapan kiya gaya, jo prachin sthalon ke paas hai, is itihasik shiksha ko phir se jeevit karne ke liye.

Aaj, purani Nalanda University ke khandar UNESCO World Heritage Site hai, jo iski itihasik mahatv aur Bharat ki samriddh shiksha virasat ki yaad dilata hai.

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